nuclear


Low levels of radioactive particles 'found in Europe'


Low levels of radioactive particles have been detected in the Czech Republic and in Europe, the UN nuclear agency has said.
Locator mapThe iodine-131 particles do not pose a public health risk, the International Atomic Energy Agency said.
The body said it was trying to work out where the particles had come from but said it did not believe the source was Japan's stricken Fukushima plant.
It said the Czech Republic had first informed them of the raised levels.
"The IAEA believes the current trace levels of iodine-131 that have been measured do not pose a public health risk and are not caused by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in Japan," the body said in a statement.
It said iodine-131 was a short-lived radioisotope with a radioactive decay half-life of about eight days.
The Czech nuclear security authority said it had been detecting radioactive iodine-131 at a number of monitoring stations since late October and had informed the IAEA to see if it could identify the source, Reuters reports.
Czech nuclear safety chief Dana Drabova said the iodine could have leaked during production of radiopharmaceuticals.
It was certainly not from a nuclear power plant, she said, adding that they were almost certain that the source was abroad.
In the days and weeks after the Japan's accident, minuscule amounts of iodine-131 believed to have come from Fukushima were detected as far away as Iceland and other parts of Europe, as well as in the US.

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EDF fined for spying on Greenpeace nuclear campaign




A French court has fined energy giant EDF 1.5 million euros (£1.3 million) and sent two of its staff to jail for spying on
 Greenpeace campaigners.


Activists have targeted EDF repeatedly

Protest at EdF headquartersThe company is hoping to build four nuclear reactors in the UK.
A court in Nanterre, near Paris, found that EDF employed security firm Kargus to spy on Greenpeace as it campaigned against new reactors in France.
The court also sent two Kargus employees to jail and handed Greenpeace 500,000 euros (£428,000) in damages.
Greenpeace's campaign targeted in particular the new reactor being built at Flammanville on the Normandy coast, one of the European Pressurised Water Reactors (EPRs) that EDF hopes to bring to the UK.
Adelaide Colin, communications director for Greenpeace in France, said the decision "sends a strong signal to the nuclear industry: no-one is above the law".
The court heard that in 2006 Kargus Consultants, then run by a former member of the French foreign secret service, compiled a dossier on Greenpeace via means that included hacking into a computer belonging to former campaigns head Yannick Jadot.
EDF maintained that it had just asked Kargus to monitor the activists, and that the consultants had exceeded their remit.
But justice Isabelle Prevost-Desprez disagreed, handing three-year sentences to Pascal Durieux and Pierre-Paul Francois, head and deputy head of EDF's nuclear security operation.
Thierry Lorho, then head of Kargus, also received three years, and information specialist Alain Quiros two.
All also have to pay compensation to Greenpeace.
EDF did not return calls from BBC News, but its lawyer told Reuters news agency in Paris that the company would appeal against the decision.
Rainbow echoes
Through its ownership of British Energy, EDF runs eight nuclear stations in the UK and plans to build four new reactors, two each at Sizewell in Suffolk and Hinkley Point in Somerset.
Rainbow Warrior 1The case has brought back memories of the sinking of Rainbow Warrior in 1985
These will probably be EPRs.
Although EDF and the constructors Areva laud the EPR's substantial power and safety features, the two in construction at Flammanville and Olkiluoto in Finland are both behind schedule and over budget.
Tom Burke, formerly head of Friends of the Earth UK and a visiting professor at Imperial and University Colleges in London, said the spying case showed EDF was desperate to negate criticism of nuclear power.
"What this judgement reveals is that EDF, and the French government which owns it, are prepared to go to any lengths, including breaking the law, in order to defeat opposition to more nuclear power," he told BBC News.
"The whole future of the French plan to sell more nuclear power to the world depends on getting the British consumer to pay to build new nuclear reactors in Britain.
"I would advise every critic of the French drive to expand nuclear power in Britain to be very vigilant in ensuring they are not themselves victims of EDF dirty tricks."
Greenpeace has said in the past that it suspected EDF of using "dirty tricks" against it in the UK as well as in France - a charge that the company has denied.
In the wake of the French verdict, Greenpeace has asked the company to "come clean".
For some, this episode evokes memories of the Rainbow Warrior sinking in New Zealand in 1985.
Then, with French government backing, foreign intelligence service personnel mined and sank the Greenpeace vessel in a bid to prevent it interfering with nuclear testing in the Pacific.
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